The last 20 of my 31 years in traffic signals and street lighting maintenance I had the pleasure <wink wink> of heading up our City's team and responding to "USA" (
Underground Service Alert of Northern California) notifications to locate our underground conduits and infrastructure....The old "Call Before You Dig" or "One Call" thing.
IIRC, the story goes that Pacific Bell and PG&E got tired of damages to the underground facilities and disruptions of service due to their lines being cut and/or damaged. They got together with like utilities in So. CA and NV and lobbied their respective legislators to pass laws that put into place the procedure to be followed by EVERYONE, not just contractors, when any power-operated device was used to excavate, bore or dig. The laws provided stiff fines and penalties to those that did not follow the procedures. This included indemnity for a individual that damaged underground facilities accidentally that had been located and incorrectly or inaccurately marked by the USA responder.
In No. CA whenever a contractor took a test to get licensed a couple of questions on the test attempted to insure the applicant new about the "USA" laws, the procedure and their obligations...not a bad idea, IMO, but certainly not a guarantee.
We've all seen videos of people digging into telephone / fiber, water, gas and power lines and understand the physical dangers (like DEATH) and financial burden to a contractor or individual that can result when that happens. We had a $4,000 electronic underground facilities locator device but a backhoe can find anything really quick, sometimes with disastrous and fatal results.
Out of the dozens of times I saw and intervened in violations before there was any damage, my most notable one occurred about 4 years before I retired in '04. I was driving by in a City truck and about 100 feet south of traffic signal in our jurisdiction when I saw two men standing in the Southern Pacific Railroad right of way that was parallel to the roadway holding a 2 man, gas-powered post hole digger. I whipped around, got back there quick, stopped them and pointed out there was a H-U-G-E pad-mounted PG&E transformer about 20 feet behind them. I asked if they knew where the 15KV to 60KV primary lines were and it took a few seconds then both of them got big eyeballs. I went on to inform them of the law and gave them a pamphlet with the info and the phone number. They were brand new employees of commercial sign company that were going to set two 4 x 4 posts for a sign. To begin with I doubt they had any reason or right to be installing anything in the railroad R-O-W.
I'll never know the outcome for those 2 young men if I had not been driving by that specific location at that specific time. They may have missed everything under there...only the good Lord knows.
EDIT: I promise I had not read
this post by
@biggen before I wrote the above but it reinforces what I said about "call before you dig".