Okay, so it looks like you have 12 wires going into that wall plate back there. 6 are coax, which feed the video into the DVR. 6 are for power. I'm guessing you haven't been messing with the connections so they are all still plugged in the way they were intended to be.
That adapter with all the male power plugs looks like a female-to-8-male adapter. Five of the male ends are unused, just hanging there in your picture. 3 of them lead to the bundle in the back, where I am guessing they are plugged into 3 female barrel connectors (only one is clearly visible in the photos). Each of those 3 barrel connectors is probably spliced into the power lines for two cameras. So that explains how all 6 of your cameras are getting power from only three connectors.
The loose female connector in your first picture is where you need to plug in a power supply. There are a few unknowns. This stuff could be wired center positive, or outside positive. Probably center positive, though, because that is by far the most common. It is also unknown if those connectors are 2.1mm or 2.5mm interior diameter.
So I would recommend you buy this thing:
http://a.co/j3ObgEj It comes with a 2.1 to 2.5mm adapter so you are covered regardless of which size the existing connectors are.
You can safely use a power supply with a higher amperage rating than the load requires. The power supply will not force out more power than the devices want to use. You do need the voltage to match, though. Most cameras are 12 volts and use about half an amp, so a 12 volt 5 amp power supply is fine for 6 cameras.