I chimed in here because I'm planning to upgrade to this specific
NVR and had studied its i/o as I have a few alarm-in devices
from doorbell relay and PIR.
The i/o panel is described well on the
data sheet but not
in the manual. Signal ground and earth ground are often the
same thing. Many devices like this economize i/o connector space
by eliminating duplicate ground pins (or even all ground pins) and
expect you to deal with combining as needed to a shared ground.
That single post is ground for everything else that doesn't have one.
You can also think of it like an automobile electrical system; everything
that needs a negative can use the nearest body/chassis connection
so wiring needs are nearly cut in half.