How to open a pipe

Or to put it more simply... it's called: experience.

Same thing here on IPCT... I had never dealt with turret cameras before. Asking questions around here and getting some "hands on" time with them, I feel like I am much more proficient with them both physically, as well as the software interface (until the new firmware changes the features/layout).
You are right.
I initially thought, all is there is to know is to rotate counter clockwise to open.
But apparently, it's not that simple.
 
In my experience most of the time a pipe is going to have right hand threads. There’s always exceptions to the rule but in general turning the pipe clockwise/righty-tighty threads it into the coupler/fitting. The problem is, as you’re turning the pipe clockwise the other end is essentially turning counterclockwise.

With your picture above let’s say we want to eliminate everything in between the tee on the left and the 90 coupler on the right. Like restoration TV show magic the pipes, valve, and white box are out of the way. The threads on the 90 and tee are clean and there’s a new pipe with thread tape on the table ready to go. Sticking the new pipe up to the 90 coupler and turning clockwise will seal that connection. So now we turn around and tighten the pipe into the tee. Unfortunately, by the time the pipe is tightened and sealed to the tee the other end has unthreaded and fallen out of the 90 coupler.

In comes a union, which allows two pipes to be connected without having to turn either pipe. Both pipes can remain stationary while the outer nut is tightened to create a seal.

Back to your picture, you can see there’s a union on both sides of the white box to allow for easy replacement. My question is, what is the white box? Going by the fact the whole thing looks plastic including the threads I would assume it’s for irrigation but I don’t see any wires.
 
Back to your picture, you can see there’s a union on both sides of the white box to allow for easy replacement. My question is, what is the white box?
It's a water meter:
It reports to the water company our water usage (I also have a mobile app to see my water consumption or to be alerted in case of a leak).
 
That would’ve been my other guess, it just surprises me it’s plastic
I think it's a high quality plastic, it's there a few years (about 5 without any sun protection) and it's doing fine.
The black part, the threading is not made of plastic (not sure exactly what material, but not plastic and not metal).
 
You're sure of that ;)?

I'm pretty sure it's not glass, ceramic, or wood based, which effectively means it is some type of metal or plastic.
Asked CoPilot, he says:

The connector of the Sonata Ultrasonic Residential Water Meter is made of lead-free materials. Specifically, it can be constructed from either HP Glass Reinforced Polymer or Bronze alloy with a Polymer Liner.
 
Asked CoPilot, he says:

The connector of the Sonata Ultrasonic Residential Water Meter is made of lead-free materials. Specifically, it can be constructed from either HP Glass Reinforced Polymer or Bronze alloy with a Polymer Liner.
Yup...confirmed, a metal or plastic (high quality ones, but metal or plastic nonetheless). :)