I second the SCR idea. Very simple circuit that would cut off a signal light when the door has been opened, even if the door is shut again. You reset it with a momentary switch when you go down to collect the mail.
If you really want a camera, you might get a chinese board camera off ebay. It wouldn't need a housing, since it could live in the mailbox. Use a small solar panel, cheap charge controller, and a small sealed battery to provide power. Get a camera with sdi interface, as it will support a long run of RG6 coax cable. Once in the house, an sdi to hdmi converter will give you a view on your tv.
For light, cut in a window and set a piece of plexiglass.